This Is The Classic Apples And Oranges Debate. Why Are

This is the classic apples and oranges debate. Why are drugs like tobacco and alcohol legal when they cause more harm to people than illegal drugs such as cannabis? This is a question many people and professionals ask themselves constantly. Based on past history alcohol was illegal during the 1920s known as the prohibition era. Federal and local government struggled to enforce the prohibition over the course of the 1920s. Even though it decreased drunken arrests and dropped alcohol consumption by 30 percent; there was still people that didn’t agree with the law and found inventive ways to get around it. That’s when â€Å"bootlegging† (illegal manufacturing and sale of liquor), â€Å"speakeasies† (stores or nightclubs selling alcohol), and the†¦show more content†¦It can cause cancer, peptic ulcers, cardiomyopathy, and liver cirrhosis. Not only that, but people who chronically drink alcohol may get deficiencies in thiamin (vitamin B1), and this can lead to Korsakoff s syndrome. Alcohol is also extremely addictive. And it is the main reason why drunk driving exists. That’s why organizations such as MADD exists today because they are trying to prevent more innocent lives being taken away because a person was driving under the influence. Now, just like alcohol people also have an issue as to why tobacco is still legal. Tobacco consumption and its appeal have really changed from the 1920s to today’s society. Tobacco was a global crop by the 1620 and by the 1700s it became very popular in Europe. Everybody was smoking tobacco and there was much money to be made because of it. It also helped that nicotine was highly addictive. During World War I the cigarette was invented. Cigarettes would be used to calm nerves of decrease appetite. By the 1950s Americans were buying a total of 8.4 million pounds of tobacco a year. America was the leading country in cigarette production. Then when it reached Hollywood and how glamorous smoking looked everyone wanted to do it as well. Classic stars such as Bette Davis, Paul Henreid and Audrey Hepburn glamorized cigarette smoking making it a big impact to the common people that idolized them to also smoke because their favorite celebritiesShow MoreRelatedGods Existence and Christi anity in Why I Am Not Christian by Bertrant Russell1492 Words   |  6 PagesReligion has been the cause for countless fights, debates, and wars throughout the existence of humankind. There have been many people who have stepped into the void of the endless dispute, among them are ones claiming God’s existence, and the ones refuting it. The forms of this endless debate fall into many categories to express opinions on religion: speeches, poems, and essays. It is common for these forms of expression to sway to both ends of the spectrum on religion. One of the most common topicsRead MoreWhy Citizen Kane is the Best Movie Ever Made Essay760 Words   |  4 PagesThe debate over Casablanca and Citizen Kane has been a classic argument between film critics and historians alike, and this is because both of these pieces are timeless pictures that have managed to captivate audiences well after their era. On a broad spectrum analysis this is an apples and oranges debate as the two film s both have great cinematographic value but for different reasons. However, the real question at hand is which film is the greatest? Which film transformed the future of AmericanRead MoreSecurity Studies : A Sub Discipline Of International Relations1836 Words   |  8 Pagesof Contemporary Security Studies, defines the field of security studies as follows: â€Å"everything that has to do with threats†. This vague description immediately reveals the contested nature of the key concept ‘security’. Depending on the theoretic framework in which security is explained, paradigms and the interpretation of security change (Meuleman and Roose 2014). This results in more or less inclusive definitions of security, each with its strengths and weaknesses. Changing Definitions for ChangingRead MoreFeminism : Feminism For Gender Inequality1954 Words   |  8 Pageshaving different sections in stores, not to mention this is an argument that they have actually made on multiple occasions. Feminists will find anything to make women appear as though they are oppressed, furthermore they will take situations that women are in and they will make the women victimized. For example a man works all day because he is the bread maker in the family, whereas the women is a stay at home mom and has to clean the house, is this wrong? No it isn t it s called pulling your ownRead MoreLiterature vs Film2194 Words   |  9 Pagescharacters, information, etc. from the book is like saying: â€Å"The apple was okay, but it wasn’t as good as the orange.† That’s because they are two different things. You can compare a book to a book and a film to a film. Just try not to compare a book to a film. In fact, the book will always be better. We only go and watch the movie because we prefer to find out about the plot in a really short time or we enjoy screen captures or the music. This era lacks time, so we’re always in a hurry. In order notRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesHuman Bondage, by W. Somerset Maugham (1915) A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, by James Joyce (1916)[27] Demian: The Story of Emil Sinclair s Youth by Hermann Hesse (1919, prologue added in 1960) Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson (1919) This Side of Paradise by F. Scott Fitzgerald (1920)[28] The Magic Mountain by Thomas Mann (1924). Pather Panchali, by Bibhutibhushan Bandopadhyay (1929)[29] Gone with the Wind, by Margaret Mitchell (1936) Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale HurstonRead MoreSwot Analysis25582 Words   |  103 Pagesfirst 12-months replacement guarantee was implemented by Sunbeam across its entire product range, demonstrating Sunbeam’s commitment to quality and performance. The inventive smokeless Kettle King, an outdoor electric barbecue, was also introduced. In this way, Sunbeam not only catered for the great Australian barbeque tradition, it developed a product that reflected changing consumer lifestyles and social trends, such as an increase in apartment living. Sunbeam continued to respond to changes in lifestylesRead MoreFood in Italy4322 Words   |  18 Pagesas a country is ruled by the former. Italy is a culture that is rich and saturated in their traditions of cooking. 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Permission is hereby given for the material in this publicationRead MoreHumanities11870 Words   |  48 Pages MODULE 1: INTRODUCTION This module provides an overview on the subject of art appreciation for those entirely new to the subject. This is a complex topic to deal with and it is impossible to have a truly comprehensive discussion on the topic in such a brief essay. The student is advised to consult more advanced texts to gain further understanding of how to appreciate art more fully. HUMANITIES: What is it? †¢ The term Humanities comes from the Latin word, â€Å"humanitas† †¢ It generally

Bioterrorism and Plague Essay - 1777 Words

Bioterrorism and Plague Plague, also known as Yesirnia pestis, has wreaked havoc since the first documented outbreak in the 6th century, along with changing the course of history. Although bubonic plague is the most common form of plague, pneumonic plague is the more fatal form of the bacteria. It is the only form that has been successfully aerosolized by man and has the potential of taking down a mass of people in days. If used as a bioweapon, it would cause major damage. This paper is designed to inform you of the history, the facts, and the precautions needed to prevent a bioterrorist attack. In 1970, The World Health Organization estimated that 50 kg, or 110 lb, of Y. pestis sprayed over a city would infect 150,000 individuals and†¦show more content†¦And, indeed, another broke out again. The Justinian plague of 561 AD is another example of how badly plague can impact society. It originated in Ethiopia then moved up to Egypt and into Europe killing sixty percent of the populations of Europe, North Africa, and southern and central Asia (Grey, p. 216). Trade made it possible for plague to spread quickly throughout the world. Because trade was so popular during that time plague moved faster than ever. Merchants would travel around trading with each other and taking that deadly disease with them as well. Of all these plague epidemics, the Black Death of 1346 is the most widely known. As an example of severity, China’s population alone dropped from 125 million to 90 million over the course of the fourteenth century due to plague (Boise state, p.1). In Europe, anywhere between 25% to 50% of Europe’s population had fallen victim to this pestilence. If a bioterrorist attack using plague does manage to occur today, the number of deaths will not be as dramatic but the loss will still be significant. There are three main types of existing plagues: Bubonic plague, Septicemic plague, and Pneumonic plague. All three are caused by the bacterium named Yersinia pestis that is found in infected rodents and their fleas (CDC, Plague home page paragraph 1). The oriental rat flea, or Xenopsylla cheopis, is the primary vector, but handling infected animals can also spread plague. Yersinia pestis is a gram-negative bacterialShow MoreRelatedThe Harm Caused by Bioterrorism857 Words   |  3 PagesMicro/Diseases Bioterrorism Bioterrorism is purposefully releasing biological agent toxins to cause harm and terrorize people. Bioterrorism was first thought of somewhere in the 1340’s, this was when diseased horse corpses were catapulted over castle walls in France. Germ warfare was also used in the medieval times in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries; human bodies were infected with the plague and used as ammunition in central Europe. 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Innovation and Entrepreneurship Free Essays

Student: B00227358 University of the West of Scotland Issues Surrounding the Role of Innovation in the Economic Growth Process Introduction The modern world economy shows that the scientific and technological knowledge and innovation are key factors for sustainable economic growth. Much of the competitive advantages that the country holds today derives from the use of scientific knowledge and applied technology become the corporate level to develop new products or services through the management of technological innovation, marketing, and organizational. The world globalization highlights the urgent need for business organizations that produce goods and services for domestic or international market recognize the strategic value of innovation and incorporated into its business management as an instrument or tool that is part of your corporate culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Innovation and Entrepreneurship or any similar topic only for you Order Now Innovation is an essential element for any organization in order to survive, grow and significantly influence the direction of any industry. Development does not; however, guarantee success, but most be followed up with successive streams of innovation and change, from the incremental to the radical. Discussion The most reliable way to be successful in the industry is to innovate better and longer than the competitor, leading companies develops innovation portfolios that they can use to help sustain growth over the long term. Innovation and change is an essential part of any business activity, but only some people recognize its importance and significance. Companies recognize that key factors such as productivity, competitiveness, and productive marketing and organizational efficiency, depend increasingly implement suitable mechanisms to change from the stage knowledge generation (Science and Technology), or import and assimilation of it to the stage of practical application through the process of innovation. In the recent years, entrepreneurship has become the most successful innovation to increase the economical growth of the country. Entrepreneurship has long een briefly viewed as a foremost vehicle for financial development and it has captivated investigators from a kind of disciplines with very varied analytical approaches. Audretsch Thurik, in their paper â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† demonstrates the change which is being made in the OECD countries. According to them, the reason for this change is the entrepreneurial economy (Audretsch Thu rik, 2001, 267). The paper is an attempt to articulate and identify the differences between the new emerging entrepreneurial economy and the managed economy. According to this paper, there are a total of 14 trade-offs that confronts these two economies. The major economic benefits of European integration will come not through economies of scale, but rather through economies of diversity (Audretsch Thurik, 2001, 308). The countries that have adopted the entrepreneurial economy have been successful in making additional growth. In another paper, â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Wennekers and Thurik looks at the link between the entrepreneurship and the economic growth of a country. The paper concludes that entrepreneurship really matters for the prosperity of a country. In today’s modern world of economics, entrepreneurship plays an essential role in the growth of economy. According to the paper, ICT-revolution and globalization implies the need for a structural change which requires a considerable reallocation of the resources, this increases the demand for entrepreneurship (Wennekers Thurik, 1999, 140). The Schumpeterian tradition of the analysis which concerns the form, innovation and entrepreneurship is examined in the paper, â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach. Burton proposes a post- Schumpeterian framework as a remedy for the defects in the Schumpeterian framework. The framework presented by Burton is based on four main elements Diffused Entrepreneurship/Entrepreneurial Management; Collaborative Business Arrangements for Knowledge Creation; Knowledge Protection; and Knowledge Creation (Burton, 2001, 7). We can look take assistance from this framework to strengthen the innovation and entrepreneurship in the country. Furthermore, in â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† demonstrates the occurrence of the high growth prospective of the new emerging firms. There are different rates of economic growths which have been observed in the country. Not every entrepreneurial start-up contributes to the generating economic growth. It shows that other factors also influence the economic growth of a country. Innovation in science and technology is also an essential part in contributing to the growth of economy in a country. Economic growth is a process through which knowledge is transformed into quality goods and services that satisfy human needs (Wong et al, 2005, 335). The companies are the means through which scientific and technological knowledge is applied in a practical way through the production process, and is transformed into goods and services increased level or better quality, which contributes to the economic and social transformation. Organizations need a change of approach, which involves focusing attention on existing technologies that when used on a widespread basis through processes of innovation, can have a significant impact on the UK economy. Most countries recognize the importance of science and technology as tools for economic growth, but many developing countries focus exclusively on the generation of knowledge in basic research support. Countries must adopt strategies to improve the infrastructure of basic services, so that the appropriate level of the same foster technological development necessary to achieve sustained economic growth: Without a decent infrastructure of basic services it is not possible to develop major applications of technology. Many developing countries have made the mistake of not giving enough importance to the training of technicians and technologists, and artisans, which are home to many small and medium enterprises. Today most of the curriculum and curriculum of universities in developing countries have become obsolete (Murray Blackman, 2006, 132). In an increasingly globalized world requires changes in national policies to incorporate science and technology in the design of economic strategies, in order to achieve: 1. The use of existing technology, using the strategy of â€Å"shadow and fast â€Å"using ICT (information) than is available in the world, 2. Attracting Foreign Direct Investment in technological capability and seek to promote links with other firms in the chain, 3. † Upgrade â€Å"of existing technological capacity in the business sector, 4. Identify market niches and incorporated into the chain 5. To promote international technology partnerships, 6. Using technology foresight methodology in the various sectors (Murray Blackman, 2006, 132). Among the various fiscal and policy instruments that can be implemented to stimulate technological innovation and boost business ties between the actors. We need to promote intellectual property, promote international cooperation in technology transfer, and promote co-financing for technological innovation and venture capital funds for technological innovation. Other than that encourage the creation and development of small and medium enterprises to promote business development centers and technology incubators, implement technology parks; enhance the technological links with companies in free zones are also very important. There are many issues involved in the role of innovation. For many years, we have tried to understand the relationship between innovation and development in global and in particular its economical dimension. This interest has increased significantly. While this issue has been addressed in the literature at least since the 60’s and 70’s, is the late 80’s and 90’s in that discussion has intensified in part by the new avenues that are opening the economy informational. A new technological revolution based largely on information, and spread through the global economy, affects the spatial conformation of economic activities (Uljin, 2003, 15). This is due to the characteristics that result from different combinations of endogenous processes such as fixed capital investment, research and development, education, the advantages in the use of technologies, the economies of scale, the allocation of resources, and a variety of institutional factors that vary between countries. This applies not only within countries but even between regions. The industrial map is diversified, resulting in regional differentiation based on the vocation of the places on those parameters. Innovative industries of the new technological revolution do not show a generalized spatial dispersion. On the contrary, are located in regions where they meet the requirements for innovation. Three issues deserve particular attention. First, it increases the importance of knowledge and intelligence as the basic factors of the system. They are the key for access to and ownership of information that feeds the dynamics of innovation by enabling technological transformation and modernization of the economy (Uljin, 2003, 15). Second, it involves growing interdependence among various actors and resources. Among them are companies that make up the economic structure of a region, universities, local government, the labor market, community, entrepreneurship, infrastructure and funding sources. Conclusion This is particularly important as the playing experience with innovation policy has become a panacea for a variety of problems. It is clear that the contexts in which they have successfully implemented these policies contain factors that are areas of opportunity for action and that lessons should not be isolated without context. Third, the information economy, enhances the integration between regional and global networks. The paradox of the twentieth century is that, in a global economy, regions and cities become increasingly important, even when they have less power than national governments and are always in constant competition. The regions have enormous advantages to compete globally; from greater flexibility to adapt to changing conditions at the national level can be tackled only with painful effort behind. References Audretsch, A. D. and Thurik, A. R. 2001), â€Å"What’s new about the new economy? Sources of growth in the managed and entrepreneurial economies,† Industrial and Corporate Change, Vol. 10, No 1, Pp. 267-309 Burton, J. (2001), â€Å"Innovation, entrepreneurship and the firm: a post-Schumpeterian approach,† International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management Vol. 1, No. 1, Pp. 7-29 Murray, P. Blackman, D. (2006), â€Å"Managing Innovation through socia l architecture, learning, and competencies: a new conceptual approach,† Knowledge and Process Management, 13, 3, Pp. 32-143 Uljin, J. (2003), â€Å"Cultural Conditions of Championing Innovation in International Technology-Driven Firms: Ways of Conceptualisation and Assessment,† ECIS Reseach, Pp. 15-19 Wennekers, S. and Thurik, R. (1999), â€Å"Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth,† Small Business Economics, Vol. 13, No 1, Pp. 140-149 Wong, K. , Ho, Y. P. Autio, E. (2005), â€Å"Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM data,† Small Business Economics, Vol 24, Pp. 335 – 350 How to cite Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Papers

Support Use of Medication in Socia Care Settings free essay sample

There are four acts that governs the use of medication in social care settings. a. ) The Medicine act 1968 -governs the manufacture supply of medicines. This requires that the local pharmacist or dispensing doctor is responsible for supplying medication. He or she can only do this on the receipt of a prescription from an authorised person eg a doctor. b. )The misuse of Drugs act 1971 and amendments 1985, 2001 -this controls dangerous or otherwise harmful drugs designated as Controlled drugs (CD). The main purpose of this act is to prevent the misuse of controlled drugs. CD’s are prescribed drugs used to treat severe pain. Some people abuse them by taking them when there is no clinical reason. The purpose of the legislation impacts on care homes by requiring special arrangements for storage, administration, records and disposal. c. ) The misuse of drugs (Safe custody) amendment Regulation 2007 this specifies how controlled drugs are stored and is referred to in the Standards for care homes. We will write a custom essay sample on Support Use of Medication in Socia Care Settings or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Controlled drugs must be kept in Controlled drugs cabinet that complies with these regulations. The regulations specify the quality, construction, method of fixing and lock and key for the cupboard. Care Home regulations 2001 Regulation 13 states that a registered provider must make arrangements for the recording, handling, safekeeping, safe administration and disposal of medicines received into the care home. 1. 2. Products in the UK are given licences that class them as a prescription-only medicine (POM), a pharmacy medicine (P) or a general sale list medicine (GSL). POMs are available only on prescription after they are prescribed by a qualified prescriber who takes responsibility for the patient’s care. All injections and controlled drugs at certain strength are considered POMs. Medicines are those that are available from a pharmacy, and must be sold under the supervision of the pharmacist. GSL medicines can be bought from general retailers as well as pharmacies. 1. 3. The policies and procedures need to follow the law so care settings are not breaking the law. The legislation give the guidelines to care providers how to deal with medication and also to protect those who receive them. 2. 1. and 2. 2. Common types of medication and list of conditions for each type of medication may be prescribed. Painkillers most people use painkillers to treat mild conditions including head and muscle aches Antihistamines they help to ease symptoms associated with conditions such as hayfever and allergies, but can also be used to treat atopic eczema, insomnia and allergic conjunctivitis. Antibiotics are used to treat infections and illnesses that care caused by bacteria; antibiotics are available on prescription and are used to treat a variety of common infections (UTI, throat infection) Antidepressant are used to treat depression. Contraceptive medication to prevent pregnancy. Beta blockers are a versatile type of medication that can be used to treat a variety of different health conditions for example high blood pressure (hypertension), angina, heart failure, anxiety. Immunosuppressives suppress the body’s immune system; they are used to treat conditions that affect the immune system (known as autoimmune diseases) and to prevent rejection following transplant operations. (HIV) Anticoagulants are used to prevent the blood from clotting; blood clots can contribute to serious health conditions including strokes and heart attacks as they block the free flow of the blood around the body. The most commonly used anticoagulants include warfarin and heparin to treat deep vein thrombosis, strokes and heart attacks. 2. 3. An adverse drug reaction is an unwanted or harmful reaction experienced following the administration of a drug or combination of drugs under normal conditions of use, which is suspected to be related to the drug. The reaction may be a known side effect of the drug or it may be new and previously unrecognised. Changes to an individual’s physical and mental well-being that may indicate an adverse reaction to a medication include: skin rashes, hallucination, insomnia, anxiety. 3. 1. The prescriber must be trained appropriately (may be a GP or nurse prescriber for example) and update themselves as required by any professional body that they might belong to prescriptions should be written clearly, ensuring the patient understands any side effects and the reasons for the prescription be given to them and how long they should take it for. Medication should only be prescribed after careful consideration of the patients best interests. The prescriber should have access to the most up to date version of the British National Formulary (BNF) The person dispensing must also be appropriately trained, follow safe systems of work and understand the side effects of various drugs; be able to access appropriate information and understand when to access advice or further information (the dispenser may not necessarily be a trained pharmacist but should be working alongside one). By supporting medication the person administering the medication support an individual to take medication through following care plans or support plans; staying with the person to support them to take it; using appropriate equipment (spoon etc) and a drink of water and of course reassuring communication and of course time. 3. 2. Many medicines can be purchased through wholesalers and retail outlets by anyone. People may decide to buy and keep remedies to take themselves, including herbal remedies and products that they purchase from other countries. When the care provider keeps a range of ‘homely remedies’, it is care workers who will decide whether to give them to a resident or not. Homely remedies are used to provide immediate relief for mild to moderate symptoms. They are treatments that people would use themselves without consulting their GP, for example to treat toothache or indigestion. These medicines are potent and may interact with medicines that the doctor has prescribed for residents. The care provider is under no obligation to provide this treatment. But if homely remedies are purchased for occasional use by residents, the care provider must have a written policy that details the following: †¢ which medicines are kept for immediate relief of mild symptoms that a resident may choose to self-treat in their own home †¢ the indications for offering the medicines †¢ the dose to give and how often it may be repeated before referring to the resident’s doctor †¢ how to establish with the resident’s GP that the remedies will not interact with other prescribed medicines †¢ how to obtain the resident’s consent to treatment that the doctor has not prescribed †¢ how the administration will be recorded. The routes by which medication can be administrate: Oral medicines can be given orally in the form of capsules, tablets, liquids or powders. Rectal (anal) products such as suppositories and enemas are placed into the rectum, where they work locally or are absorbed into the bloodstream. Vaginal products such as pessaries and some creams are administered to the resident via the vagina. Via needles Injections can be given under the skin, in the muscle or into the vein. Feeding tube some residents may have their medicines administered via a feeding tube. Through the skin for example patches, creams 4. 2. Forms of medicines: capsules and tablets, liquids buccal preparations are placed in the mouth between the gum and the top lip, implants, injections, infusion, cream, gel, ointment, lotion, inhalers, patch, intranasal, vaginal products. 4. 3. Materials and equipment that can assist in administering medication medicine trolley syringes for medicines, needles and syringes for injections Nebuliser for Ventolin nebulisers (Usually used for chronic asthma, COPD, Emphysema etc Applicator for pessary, 5. 1. Medicines will either be delivered to the care setting from the pharmacy or the resident may bring prescribed medicines and non-prescribed medicines into the care home themselves when they first arrive. If the medicine is going to be administered by qualified staff then the medicines should be given to them by the resident so that the medicines can be stored appropriately. The procedure for how medicines are given in the care home Should be explained to the resident. If the medicines are being delivered from pharmacy, they should be given to a designated member of care staff, The staff should put the medicines into a secure place. Controlled drugs should be signed for so that there is an audit trail for who has received the CDs into the care home. A designated member of staff should check each medicine to ensure that was requested has been received and the most recent MAR chart for each resident should also be cross-checked. The medicine itself and the label of each medicine should be checked to ensure that the correct medicine has been received for the correct resident, the dose is correct and any special storage requirements are followed (e. g. fridge items, CD items). 5. 2. All medicines in the care home must be securely locked away when not in use. Medicines should be kept in a locked medicines cabinet (this could be a cupboard, room or trolley) and in accordance with manufacturers’ storage instructions (example fridge). They should be stored as near to the site of administration as possible. Some CDs are required to be stored in a locked metal cabinet used specifically for storing CDs. The cabinet should be fixed securely to a wall. Only designated key holders should have access to this cabinet. 5. 3. Medicines may require disposal for a variety of reasons, for example, they may be out of date, they may be unused or unwanted. A written waste disposal policy should be in place in the care home s staff know how medicines should be disposed of correctly. Nursing homes should ideally dispose of waste via a licensed clinical waste company and not return them to the pharmacy. Residential homes may return unwanted medicines back to the pharmacy because this is classed as domestic or household waste. Each care home should keep a records that include: date of disposal, name form and strength of medicine, quantity disposed, the name of person to whom the medicines was prescribed, the signature off staff member who is arranging disposal. 6. 1. Consent in the use of medication is the principle that a person must give their permission before they receive any type of medicines. The principle of consent is an important part of medical ethics and the international human rights law. For consent to be valid, it must be voluntary and informed, and the person consenting must have the capacity to make the decision. Care home residents should be encouraged to self-administer medicines whenever possible. Residents can choose to give care staff the responsibility of managing most of their medicines but may decide to self-administer when required medicines such as cream, inhalers or painkillers themselves. Before a resident can self-administer their medicines, care staff should carry out a preliminary risk assessment to ensure resident can self-administer their medicine appropriately and safely. An individuals right to have their dignity privacy respected, following organisations Policies Procedures, National Standards, Codes of Conduct, Essential Standards of Quality Safety, this also relates to consent (Mental Capacity Act 2005) the right to confidentiality (Data Protection Act. ) 6. 2. Before a resident can self-administer their medicines, care staff should carry out a preliminary risk assessment to ensure resident can self-administer their medicine appropriately and safely. Further regular checks at intervals designated in the care home’s policy should be made to ensure this is still appropriate. Pharmacists are able to provide advice and support to residents who self-administer medicines. This will help to maintain the resident’s independence. 6. 3. Ensure the client has a full understanding of the medication both in its purpose and potential side effects. Outline the ingredients so that they are comfortable with taking it. If they are unable to understand its purpose or make a formal decision then speak to their carer or responsible person. For example Vegetarians wont take capsules as they contain gelatin so therefore drug companies should produce an alternative. One ethical issue which raised its head a few years ago and has resulted in changes to the way medication is administered was the covert crushing of medications and adding them to jam or other foods to disguise them when an individual declined to take them. This was considered unethical, unfair deceitful and often dangerous and is now forbidden. Medication which is crushed can be dangerous (slow release medicines can hit the system all in one go causing collapse and serious illness) and giving it in this hidden manner takes away a persons right to choose. Other ethical issues around medication might be a persons strong beliefs around the testing of medicines on animals. 7. 1. The care staff can obtain information about medication by asking the resident and his family, from GP and pharmacy. If the resident is coming from hospital the relevant information about medications are included on discharge form. In the care homes the medicines record is documented on MAR charts. 7. 2. Service user who takes responsibility for their medicines are supported by care staff. That include  ¦ help with ordering and collecting prescriptions  ¦ verbal reminder to take medication Help with reading labels or patient information leaflet  ¦ advising on safe storage of medicines  ¦ observing and reporting to the Senior Care Worker any changes in service user’s ability to manage their medicines 7. 3. Each care home will have its own procedure for administration of medicines by care staff. To make sure that medication is used and administered correctly care homes should: firstly ensure they can identify the individual resident correctly. All Mar charts should have a facing page which contains the personal details and also ideally a photograph (consent from the resident is required). Once the resident has been identified correctly, the care staff should select the medicines that need t be administered at the time by referring to the MAR chart. The MAR chart should be checked for the name of medicine, dose, any recent changes and also check the dose has not already been given by another member of staff. The medicine container should be identified and the information on the label should be checked against the MAR chart to ensure they are the same. The expiry of use by date on the medicine’s packaging should be checked. Care staff should not force residents to take their medicine if they do not want to do so. (Refusal should be recorded in the resident’s records) 7. 4. Potential practical medication problems in the elderly including problems to remember, to swallow practical handling, food- and drug- interactions, short use-before date 7. 5. Information about the medication can be obtain from MAR chart, GP or instructions. 8. 1. Each care home will have its own policy on how to administer medicines and record keeping and this should be followed but the below should be recorded: the date and time the medicine was given, Who gave the medicine (signature) the dose given (if there was a choice) if the medication was refused and the reason. 8. 2. The use of medication is recorded in MAR chart. If there are any problems with use of medication staff member should follow the policies and keep the record in resident’s records. In some cases members of staff will need to do referral to GP or other professionals for example for residents with swallowing difficulties to speech therapist

The concept of corporate environmental responsibility

The concept of corporate environmental responsibility Background The concept of corporate environmental responsibility has been widely debated. There has been a contention over what should be the responsibility of corporate entities to ensure the environment is sustainably utilized.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of corporate environmental responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While some actors have argued that the sole responsibility of corporate entities remains to make profit for the shareholders, others are of the view that there are scenarios where corporate entities should have their contributions in ensuring that there are sound environmental practices so that all organizational ventures are sustainable. The relevance of having corporate taking responsibility for their environmental actions has been exacerbated by the repercussions that have been seen as far as environmental factors are concerned where it is believed that the years of irres ponsible business practices and the motive for profit has led to acute degradation of the environment leading to notable problems such as drying water sources, pollution of the oceans and worse still, presence of harmful products in what is consumed. Ethical Grid In an attempt to demystify the role that should be played by the corporate sector in environmental conservation, Hoffman’s case identifies several ethical standpoints that have been pointed out in the ethical greed. Going by the philosophy of Norman Bowie who is of the view that ethical responsibility for environmental conservation is a responsibility of the government as opposed to corporate entities, one can argue that the relationship between business and environment should be viewed form the Prima-facie ethics point of view. This means that even though it may be an individual’s obligation to take good care of the surrounding, the most fundamental obligation of business entities is to make profits and thus they can override all other obligations to ensure that the profit pursuit is achieved. One can also address the issue form a Supererogatory point of view by arguing that although it is good to take care of the environment, corporate entities that may feel that they are not willing to pump their money towards conservation efforts will not have violated any law.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the utilitarian point of view, the main idea being presented by Hoffman views that corporate entities should be the driving forces towards the environmental conservation. From the utilitarian point of view, it can be said that companies should ensure that they structure their production in such a way that they reduce the strain to the environment while ensuring that they do not overcharge the customers for this. From the libertarian point of view, firms are at liberty to f ollow only the laws that have been set by the government as opposed to engaging in activities meant to go beyond what the government specifies in their conservation efforts. Solutions From the assigned case, it is evident that the principles of utilitarian ethics were grossly violated. Corporate entities should ensure that their pursuit for profit does not endanger the lives of others, either in the future generation or in the present generation. Thus, organizations should ensure that they engage only in ethical principles that are geared towards producing the best benefit to the populace as opposed to harming the populations in some ways. Arguments that have been advanced by Norman Bowie are thus misleading as it should be the responsibility of corporate entities to ensure that whatever they do is not in the contrary to their ability to be in the same business sustainably in the future. Companies should not be blinded by the profit motive as this may make them engage in unethical p ractices. In this case the ethical reasoning that ought to have been applied is that advanced by the utilitarian school of thought. This is because matters that concern the environment should not be left to the government only as every person is ethically responsible to ensure that he/she has a stake in protecting the environment. Therefore, it is imperative that corporate entities should have viewed the issue of environmental ethics as their own responsibility as opposed to viewing their role as though it is only defined by the government.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The concept of corporate environmental responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Corporate entities should keep away from the argument that views the responsibility of conserving the environment as discretion of the government as they should also assist in policy formulation and also, ensure that their acts are far above the minimal accepted standards for effective conservation. If corporate entities accept to adopt the utilitarian approach to matters that concern environmental management, then the issue of the future of the environmental condition is brilliant. This is because a responsible corporate entity will seek to engage in environmental friendly practices beyond the basic levels as defined by the government. It is also evident that a responsible corporate sector will help come up with more sustainable policies since as major stakeholders in the environment; the corporate sector will be in a position to offer helpful advice to the concerned policy makers. Besides this, corporates will undertake the responsibility of educating its consumers on some aspects of the environment and why they should take part in the process of environmental conservation.

Geology of the Appalachian Mountains

Geology of the Appalachian Mountains The Appalachian Mountain range is one of the oldest continental mountain systems in the world. The tallest mountain in the range is the 6,684-foot Mount Mitchell, located in North Carolina. Compared with the Rocky Mountains of western North America, which have 50 plus peaks over 14,000 feet in elevation, the Appalachians are rather modest in height. At their tallest, however, they rose to Himalayan-scale heights before being weathered and eroded down over the past ~200 million years. A Physiographic Overview The Appalachian Mountains trend southwest to northeast from central Alabama all the way to Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. Along this 1,500-mile path, the system is split up into 7 different physiographic provinces  that  contain distinct geologic backgrounds. In the southern section, the Appalachian Plateau and Valley and Ridge provinces make up the western border of the system and are composed of sedimentary rocks like sandstone, limestone, and shale. To the east lie the Blue Ridge Mountains and Piedmont, composed primarily of metamorphic and igneous rocks.  In some areas, like Red Top Mountain in northern Georgia or Blowing Rock in northern North Carolina, the rock has eroded down to where one can see basement rocks that formed over a billion years ago during the Grenville Orogeny.   The northern Appalachians are made up of two parts: the St. Lawrence Valley, a small region defined by the St. Lawrence River and St. Lawrence rift system, and the New England province, which formed hundreds of millions of years ago and owes much of its present topography to recent glacial episodes. Geologically speaking, the Adirondack Mountains are quite different than the Appalachian Mountains; however, they are included by the USGS in the Appalachian Highland region.   Geologic History To a geologist, the rocks of the Appalachian Mountains reveal a billion-year story of violent continental collisions and the subsequent mountain building, erosion, deposition and/or volcanism that came with. The geologic history of the area is complex but can be broken down into four major orogenies, or mountain building events. It is important to remember that between each of these orogenies, millions of years of weathering and erosion wore the mountains down and deposited sediment in the surrounding areas. This sediment was often subjected to intense heat and pressure as the mountains were uplifted again during the next orogeny.   Grenville Orogeny: This mountain-building event occurred around 1 billion years ago, creating the supercontinent Rodinia. The collision formed tall mountains along with the igneous and metamorphic rocks that make up the very core of the Appalachians. The supercontinent began to break apart around 750 million years ago and by 540 million years ago, an ocean (the Iapetus Ocean) existed between the paleocontinents.  Taconic Orogeny: Approximately 460 million years ago, as the Iapetus Ocean was closing, a volcanic island arc chain collided with the North American Craton.  The remnants of these mountains can still be seen in the Taconic Range of New York.Acadian Orogeny: Starting 375 million years ago, this mountain-building episode occurred as the Avalonian terrane collided with the North American Craton. The collision did not happen head on, as it struck the northern section of the protocontinent and then slowly moved southward. Index minerals show us that the Avalonian terrane stru ck the North American craton at different times and with different collisional forces. Alleghanian Orogeny: This event (sometimes referred to as the Appalachian orogeny) formed the supercontinent Pangea ~325 million years ago. The ancestral North American and African continents collided, forming Himalayan-scaled mountain chains known as the Central Pangean Mountains. The modern-day Anti-Atlas Mountains of northwestern Africa were part of this chain. The mountain building ended some 265 million years ago, and the ancestral North American and African continents began drifting apart ~200 million years ago (and continue to do so to this day). The Appalachians have weathered and eroded away over the past hundreds of millions of years, leaving only remnants of the mountain system that once reached record heights. The strata of the Atlantic Coastal Plain are made up of sediment from their weathering, transportation, and deposition.

Celebrity Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Celebrity Study - Essay Example Celebrities are characterised by fame, influence and in some cases financial success (Weber, 2014: 100). Inspiration personalities have huge audiences and it is the strategic reason businesses that seek to promote their brands have in the recent past involved them in advertisements. People understandably pay much attention on what celebrities do both fans and haters. As a matter of fact, music, from time immemorial, has been an essential part of human life. Artists who consistently produced high-quality music that attracted a wide audience in the society have gone down in history not only as celebrities but as ‘stars’ and legends. Evidently, Michael Jackson was a music legend whose life was a blessing to many people. This paper seeks to evaluate Michael Jackson as a celebrity and as a case study and comprehensively explore various social elements with regard to his life and contributions while counter-comparing this with theoretical frameworks to come up with an argument supported by practical examples. Michael Jackson is a name that most people can recognise, whether young or old. Similarly, both men and women identify MJ as he is popularly known for his exhaustively lived 50 years. He was born in August 1958 and died 50 years later in June, 2009. He is famous for his influence in the pop music and dancing styles that have since been embraced. Michael Jackson climbed to become an international figure due to his dedicated work in the music industry. He had an enormous contribution in the arena of music and dance that made the world recognise him sincerely. Apparently, Jackson was born in a family that had a thing with music as he had several siblings sing along with him in what was known as Jackson 5. He did his career music in the year 1964 and about four decades late, the name Michael Jackson was known in every cranny of the society. He became an epitome of pop music. Even after his death, he