Caring for Pressure Sores in Elderly People

Caring for Pressure Sores in Elderly People 107582 Caring for Pressure Sores in Elderly People with Circulatory  Problems from Long-Term Diabetes, in Nursing Homes Pressure sores are tears or ulcerations in the skin, that occur typically in the lower half of the body over ‘bony prominences’ that support the weight of the body during lying, standing, and sitting. The most typical areas that the elderly are prone to developing pressure sores include the heel, lower legs and feet, and lower back. The majority of pressure sores occur in people aged 70 or over through age-related health and lifestyle factors associated with the elderly. a) What physical care needs do such elderly people tend to have? Damage to the skin leading to pressure sores can cause wounds of varying degrees of severity, which have the potential to become infected. Physical care through wound treatment is thus essential and so effective co-working with medical staff colleagues like the community nurses will be very important for nursing home to manage. Prescribed medications to counteract infections and topical locations in order to aid healing are all part of the care routine for those with existing pressure sores. Also within wound treatment, dressings and bandages will need to be changed according to the patients care plan in order to minimize potential for infection. Physical care routines for elderly patients in nursing homes residential care can also involve taking actions in order to minimize the risk from pressures, as well as helping residents in wound treatment as outlined above. As diabetes will often incur the symptom of more frequent need for urination, incontinence may be particularly problematic as dampness in clothing, or in bed sheets etc, is likely to cause skin irritation and thus increases the risk from pressure sore. Physical care thus needs to involve frequent toilet visits, changes to sanitary hygiene products like pads, and changing bed clothes when necessary. Avoiding plastic bed padding is also preferable as plastic will trap dampness between the skin and the plastic and so could increase irritation. Foot care is a very important physical need that elderly diabetic patients will often require help with. Due to changes to the body’s circulatory system and reducing ability of the skin to heal and renew itself (turnover of epidermis can reduce by 50% in older age), once minor foot problems like in-grown toe-nails or blisters can lead to infections and potentially gangrene (in some instances requiring amputation). Ensuring patients / residents are wearing well fitting footwear and that toe-nails are kept short should be completed by staff. This risk from pressure sores is also increased by the reduction in sensitivity that aged-skin possesses – elderly patients simply may not be able to feel that skin ulcers or pressure sores are developing until they are well advanced, and so more difficult to treat, and for the body to heal. Therefore regular checks and skin assessment in risk areas on the body such as the feet should make up an important part of the care routine for elderly patients, who may not be able to do these checks themselves, or who may not have enough skin sensitivity to be aware of these problems as they occur. b) Why do such elderly people develop bed sores? Pressure sores (also known as bed sores) will come about through changes in the skin associated with ageing, severely restricted movement, and when there the body has circulatory problems and the health outcomes associated with poor circulation. Those older patients with diabetes particularly, will often experience circulatory problems, which are then compounded by the restricted movement and general reduction in mobility involved within the aging process, which puts repeated or prolonged pressure on certain points of the skin causing wear and tear that the body is unable to cope with. Elderly patients in general are susceptible to skin damage and pressure sores through the changes to their skin that make it thinner (dermal thickness can decrease by 20%) and weaker as they get older. These processes include the ‘loss of subcutaneous tissue, diminished pain perception, decreased cell mediated immunity, slowed wound healing, and the altered barrier properties of aged skin. These biological changes to the skin have the medical implications that the body’s local inflammatory responses will diminish which slows the healing process, and sensory loss in the skin may follow. These are particular factors that expose the elderly to pressure sores. In conjunction to the risk from age-related skin changes, the high number of elderly patients who have diabetes means that compromised circulatory systems can put people at even higher risk. This happens because diabetes affects the body’s ability to effectively regulate blood as the high levels of glucose that remain in the blood begin to damage the blood vessels, and it is this process that begins to inhibit circulation of blood around the body. Over time, poor circulation can have the effect where limb extremities begin to suffer and will start to change in the sensation they arouse – a feeling that is particularly common is tingling in the lower legs and feet. A change in sensation especially within the legs can be indicative of worsening circulation which can have serious implications if a pressure sore occurs. Poor circulation compromises the healing process meaning it takes longer for wounds to heal, and leave people more susceptible to developing infections and potentially gangrene. Change in sensation is also often coupled with sensory loss, where by people may be unable to feel when they have a pressure sore, and so wounds may be left untreated for some time if not regularly checked by self or others. The restricted movement which many elderly people in care homes experience also puts them at risk. Prolonged sitting or lying for people who have difficulty walking or who are bed-bound are those that are in the highest risk group. Hip-fractures, neurological disease paralysis from conditions such as stroke are common within elderly populations and so should be monitored accordingly. Strokes are often a problem for those with diabetes due to the damage that high levels of glucose causes to blood vessels, which can eventually begin to exert on the arteries, so elderly diabetic patients may suffer immobilization and sensation loss resulting from both strokes and poorer general circulation from the diabetes. c) Describe one Clinical Skill necessary to meet the relevant physical care need(s) of the patients. Describe how this skill would be applied. Devising a repositioning (regular turning) schedule may help to alleviate the stress on certain areas of the skin for those with restricted mobility or with general immobilization. As mentioned previously, elderly diabetic patients are likely to suffer poor circulation which can lead to change in skin sensation and eventually sensory loss over some areas of skin. Through this process people may sit or lie for much longer periods of time, or be unable to move at all; so increasing the stress placed on set areas of skin – younger adults for instance typically shift their body weight every 15 minutes, even whilst asleep. Physical care should thus include assessing the repositioning needs of individual patients or residents – some documents discuss a 2-hour turning schedule as a bench mark. The time needed between movements and turning of the body may however be greater for those at higher risk of pressure sores, such as though who have severe mobility restriction or immobilization; those who have existing wounds, those on sedating medications (and therefore may reduce their movements according to when on medication and when not. Also factors like whether special mattresses or support surfaces are being used will affect the rate at which people will need to be repositioned. Skin inspection should also determine the repositioning needs of individual patient needs. Physical care routines should therefore apply repositioning by alternating residents / patients between sitting, standing, lying; particularly whether people can engage in physical activities during the day. Short walks, encouraging movement or moving residents between different rooms within residential care (such as between communal lounges, gardens conservatories etc) where possible will provide health benefits as well as reducing relief from pressure sores by shifting body weight through movement and activity. For those with severe immobilisation or those who are bed bound, rotating body weight for lying on back to sitting in bed etc should be maintained along with regular small shifts in body movement (adjusting pillow position, angle at which sitting). Written repositioning schedules are also good practice in places of residence (such as nursing homes) where multiple caring staff will be applying the turning and repositioning of the patient – this will help to ensure that the devised schedule of movements is followed. d) Supporting literature Journal Articles Pandya, N. (2003) ‘Diabetes management in long-term-care’ Caring for the Ages Vol. 4 No. 2 p21-24 Richens, Y. Stephens F. Bick, D. Morrell, C. Loftus-Hills, A. Duff, L. (2003) ‘Pressure ulcer risk assessment and prevention: Improving practice, improving care’ Clinical practice Guidelines, Royal College of Nursing. Vohra, R. McCollum, C (1994) ‘Fortnightly Review: Pressure Sores’ British Medical Journal Vol. 309 p853 857 Zulkowski, K (2003) ‘Protecting your patient’s aging skin’ Nursing Reports Nuffield Institute for Health NHS Centre for reviews and dissemination (1995) ‘The prevention and treatment of pressure sores: How useful are the measures for scoring peoples risk of developing a pressure sore?’ Effective Healthcare Bulletin Internet resources www.helptheaged.org.uk www.nelh.nhs.uk

Kanyon Information Technology Solutions

Kanyon Information Technology Solutions deals with CRM and ERP software, IT Tier 1& 2 Support, Security Solution (network security and such) and ITIL consulting services. The target consumers for these services are the other business houses. In this case, the best approach would be contacting the prospects or target consumers directly through company representatives. The best way for the company is to have a zero level or one level distribution channel.Business organizations can be contacted in various ways. The concerned people from the target organizations read business magazines and journals, IT magazine and journals, visit various websites, trade shows, technology shows, events and exhibitions and many others.   These marketing avenues can be capitalized in order to advertise and market these products.Print Media:Print media being traditional way of advertising and marketing are still acceptable people finding it convenient to carry a magazine and read it in their free time. Th ere are numbers of business journals, news papers, IT journals and others which advertise IT and business products. Companies can identify their target consumer and their reading habits and advertise its products and solutions in the same.WebsiteThese products are targeted for businesses. It will be beneficial for the company to advertise these on different websites. When a prospect consumer will start looking for IT solutions, he is most likely to check search engines first. The company can advertise as well as can have its own website. The advertising cost in website will be less.Trade shows and other Events:This is other important way to contact target consumers. Trade shows offers an opportunity to demonstrate your products and solutions to the prospective clients. The IT and industry specific trade shows will allow Kanyon Information Technology Solutions to develop their advertising material and business plan according to the industry specific needs.Competitive Sales Force:Comp etitive sales for can be hired and trained for the product demonstrations and selling. The sales team can comprise of experienced people from the industry or competitors. They can have aggressive sales targets and proper support and facilities to meet these targets.Retailers:KITS can also appoint retailers for marketing of their services. These retailers may have expertise of selling IT products and solutions to the market place. They can be dealing with products and solutions of other IT companies as well. This will allow company to have a retailer with experience and consumer data base. The retailer may contact its existing customers and cross sell or up sell KITS products.Using Wholesaler:Use of wholesaler for the IT products will increase the cost of final product. Wholesaler will contact retailers to sell the products and solutions to the market place. The control of KITS over the retailers would be less. The products may face the problem of different pricing and offers from di fferent wholesalers and their retailers. The channel conflict will be higher and company will have lesser control. IT products are prone to fast changes. It is dangerous for the company to have its product in the form of inventory. Higher the numbers of members in the distribution channel higher will be the inventory time. This will increase the risk of getting products and solutions out dated and out of market place.Reference:Kitchen, P.J. (1994), â€Å"The Marketing Communication Revolution: A Leviathan Unveiled?†, Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 12(.2) 19-25.Kotler, Philip (2001) Marketing Management, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc., 10th EditionLisa Hoecklin. (1995).Managing Cultural Differences: Strategies for Competitive Advantage. Wokingham:Addison-Wesley Publisher Ltd.Mà ¶ller, K. and Wilson, D. (1995), Business Marketing: An Interaction and Network Perspective. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell.Shimp, T.E. (1997), Advertising, Promotion and Supplemental Aspect s of Integrated Marketing Communication, 4th ed. Fort Worth, Texas: The Dryden Press

Lies Youve Been Told About Pork Consumption Essay Topics

Lies You've Been Told About Pork Consumption Essay Topics For instance, a feeder pig producer is assessed while the pig is sold for the very first time. But since the maps below illustrate for an assortment of countries and regions around the Earth, consumption won't change equally across all kinds of livestock. The moral value is a universal price, which can be seen in all species and it's the exact same in all species. Look out for misleading labels. What You Don't Know About Pork Consumption Essay Topics Continuing on to answering the popular question for what country eats the most pork per person, we referred to the site that is about pork and contains all of the info you would ever have to know about this sort of meat. If you believe you can just elect for a greater quality pork product, think again. As a consequence, in any circumstance it's beneficial for all of us to cut back meat. He emphasizes that everybody should cut back on the quantity of meat and meat produc ts they eat. The Pain of Pork Consumption Essay Topics Consequently, meat is critical to human's everyday life and wellness. Being a real carnivore isn't a terrible thing. Meat Consumption is just one of the oldest habits of human life. Choosing Good Pork Consumption Essay Topics Hence, they have lower chance of coronary disease. We don't know someone doesn't mean we should hurt that person, and the exact same applies to animals. However, once we look deeply on how dogs identify various kinds of drugs, it's because they are being taught by human. In this manner, we cannot support the argument that we don't eat dogs since they are useful, it's human who makes them useful, and we can also give pigs with skills so they can have higher instrumental price. I certainly wouldn't need to roll the dice and discover out. The Debate Over Pork Consumption Essay Topics What you decide to eat is all up to you. To be able to eat better, you want to get informed about food according to them. Using Pork Consumption Essay Topics If they aren't trained, their strengths couldn't be expressed. All these factors are another means to die younger. Needless to say, the worldwide domination of pork could possibly be coming to an end because of the expanding popularity of chicken. Take Extinction off Your Plate is a sort of limited movement. Sources are embedded within this informative article together with below. Animal farming is the chief supply of carbon dioxide. Meat eaters don't need to take part in this emission process since there are small, local farms out there. Any farm cannot alter the impact of farm animals. Globally, pork is projected to find a little decline in the next several years. It requires 60 pounds of water to produce a single pound of potatoes. On the flip side, it takes more than 20,000 lbs of water to create a pound of beef. Pork Consumption Essay Topics: the Ultimate Convenience! The majority of the folks accept Monday as a cha nce for a fresh beginning to a new week. These days, they pay more attention on choosing what we eat. In completion the meat business is a vital portion of life. A whole lot of individuals argue that it's only healthy to have one meat free day per week. How to Get Started with Pork Consumption Essay Topics? Take Extinction off Your Plate intends to conserve the wildlife by helping decrease the total amount of meat consumption throughout the country. It is thought to be the most essential reason behind the Global Warming. Deforestation has turned into a major issue once it concerns the environment. Poultry is and will continue being the dominant kind of livestock on Earth. Outbreaks can happen year-round. Some can even be used for purposes apart from human consumption. Although this pork is obviously likely to be much better that you consume, it can be challenging to discover, and still poses certain health concerns. Today, meat consumption has grown an uncontrollable i ssue. It also increases the risk of diabetes. 5 million in wages and advantages. Vegetarians rely on soybeans for the protein required to keep up a healthy balance within the body. Meat is necessary to the well-being of the body. It is an important source of zinc and iron. The Key to Successful Pork Consumption Essay Topics The info in our articles is NOT meant to replace a one-on-one relationship with a skilled health care professional and isn't intended as medical advice. There are lots of studies about the connection between diet and Cancer. Access to the newest technologies and information is frequently the secret to a producer's capacity to be competitive. A number of these parasites are tough to kill even when cooking. It will be a lot easier for willing folks to be a weekday vegetarian first, which can be followed by an entire vegetarianism.

The Market Structures, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly...

Introduction A market is a dynamic and restless institution where commercial dealing between buyers and sellers takes place. There are many companies and businesses that run the market. According to how the firm functions and other factors like the number of competitor firms and the type of products produced, the firm is classified into a particular market structure. The other competing firms in the market structure affect the pricing strategies of a particular firm in the same industry. Based on all the facts mentioned above, there are four general market structures – Pure Competition, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly and Monopoly. This paper explores these market structures and how they affect the prices, supply and demand and the†¦show more content†¦This means that the demand is highly elastic and thus the firm has no control over the prices. Farming is an example of a purely competitive market structure. The entry to this industry is fairly simple and there are several oth er farmers. This makes the demand highly elastic. On the other hand, a monopolistic competitive market firm is the one in which there are many firms producing the similar products but the products are not substitutes. For example, Nike and Adidas are companies producing shoes but there is a difference in the shoes that they produce. This implies that there is some control over the price since elasticity tends to be lower, but it is not considerable since buyers still have other options. Going a step further in terms of control over price, we have Oligopoly. This market structure consists of few companies and rather limited price control. While purely competitive firms are price takers, oligopoly firms can be considered as price setters, which can be explained through collusion. For example, different phone service providers form an oligopoly market structure and set their own price but this can change depending on how a competitor firm’s strategies affect their profit. Finall y, the pure monopoly market structure is the one in which there is a single company providing the product and this leads to a high control over the prices. Since it is the onlyShow MoreRelatedMarket Structures : Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition And Oligopoly2078 Words   |  9 Pagesintroduce four market structures – perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition and oligopoly, and their determinations of price and output. It also discussed the possibility for firms to generate profits in the short-run and/or in the long-run within these four market structures. 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